Electrical Contracting
Electricians install, maintain, and repair electrical power, and lighting systems. Installing electrical systems in newly constructed buildings is easier than maintaining existing buildings, because electrical wiring is more accessible during construction. Electricians read blueprints, which include technical diagrams of electrical systems that show the location of circuits, outlets, and other equipment.
While troubleshooting, electricians also may use ammeters, voltmeters, thermal scanners, and cable testers to find problems and ensure that components are working. Although a few accidents are potentially fatal, common injuries include electrical shocks, falls, burns, and other minor injuries.
- Read blueprints or technical diagrams.
- Install and maintain wiring, control, and lighting systems.
- Inspect electrical components, such as transformers and circuit breakers.
- Identify electrical problems using a variety of testing devices.
- Repair or replace wiring, equipment, or fixtures using hand tools and power tools.
- Follow state and local building regulations based on the National Electrical Code.
- Direct and train workers to install, maintain, or repair electrical wiring or equipment.
Some electrical contractors have their own training programs, which include both classroom and on-the-job training. The Home Builders Institute offers a preapprenticeship certificate training (PACT) program for eight construction trades, including electricians. After completing an apprenticeship program, electricians are considered to be journey workers and may perform duties on their own, subject to local and state licensing requirements.
Education
Most electricians learn their trade in a four to five-year apprenticeship program. For each year of the program, apprentices typically receive 2,000 hours of paid on-the-job training as well as some classroom instruction. In the classroom, apprentices learn electrical theory, blueprint reading, mathematics, electrical code requirements, and safety and first-aid practices. Several groups, including unions and contractor associations, sponsor apprenticeship programs.
Most states require electricians to pass a test and be licensed. Requirements vary by state. For more information, contact your local or state electrical licensing board. Requirements can be found on the National Electrical Contractors Association's website. The tests have questions related to the National Electrical Code and state and local electrical codes. Further, electricians may be required to take continuing education courses in order to maintain their licenses.
Licensing
Mandatory licenses are required for electricians to legally practice their trade. There are typically three levels of licensure as follows: Apprentice Electrician: This entry-level license allows individuals to work under the supervision of a licensed journeyman electrician. This mid-level license qualifies electricians to perform most electrical tasks independently. Master Electrician is the highest level of licensing, which allows electricians to supervises, sign off on electrical work, and even own their own electrical contracting business. The specific requirements for obtaining electrician certifications and licenses will vary by state. You can find more information by contacting your state's electrical licensing board.
Important Qualities
Color vision. Electricians must identify electrical wires by color.
Communication skills. Electricians work with people on a regular basis. They should be friendly and be able to address customers' questions.
Critical-thinking skills. Electricians perform tests and use the results to diagnose problems. For example, when an outlet is not working, they may use a multimeter to check the voltage, amperage, or resistance in order to determine the best course of action.
Physical stamina. Electricians often need to move around all day while running wire and connecting fixtures to the wire.
Physical strength. Electricians need to be strong enough to move heavy components, which may weigh up to 50 pounds.
Troubleshooting skills. Electricians find, diagnose, and repair problems. For example, if a motor stops working, they perform tests to determine the cause of its failure and then, depending on the results, fix or replace the motor.
Organizations
Whether you’re a new graduate or have several years of experience, there’s an industry trade group ready to offer training, networking opportunities and other specialized resources that can help you stay current in your field and manage your career.
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1. National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA)
2. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW)
3. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
4. Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
5. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
6. Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI)
7. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
8. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)