Foundations of Christianity
1. Nativity
The Nativity refers to the birth of Jesus Christ, central to Christian belief as the incarnation of God as man. Described in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Jesus was born to the Virgin Mary in Bethlehem, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies (e.g., Isaiah 7:14). The event is celebrated as Christmas, emphasizing God’s entry into human history to redeem humanity.
2. Life and Miracles of Christ
Jesus’ life, as recorded in the four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John), centers on his teachings, compassion, and divine authority. His miracles—such as healing the sick (e.g., John 9:1-12), feeding the 5,000 (Matthew 14:13-21), and raising Lazarus (John 11:1-44)—demonstrate his divine power and love, reinforcing his role as the Messiah and Son of God.
3. Disciples
Jesus chose twelve disciples (e.g., Peter, James, John, Judas Iscariot) to spread his teachings (Mark 3:13-19). They were ordinary men—fishermen, tax collectors—who became foundational figures in Christianity. After Judas’ betrayal, Matthias replaced him (Acts 1:26). The disciples’ lives and martyrdoms (traditionally) underscore their commitment to Christ’s message.
4. Crucifixion and Resurrection
The Crucifixion (Matthew 27, Mark 15, Luke 23, John 19) and Resurrection (Matthew 28, Mark 16, Luke 24, John 20) are the cornerstone of Christian faith. Jesus’ death on the cross is seen as a sacrifice for humanity’s sins, and his resurrection on the third day confirms his victory over death, promising eternal life to believers.
5. Books of the Bible
The Christian Bible comprises the Old Testament (39-46 books, depending on tradition) and the New Testament (27 books). Key texts include the Torah (Genesis-Deuteronomy), Prophets (e.g., Isaiah), Gospels (Matthew-John), Acts, Epistles (e.g., Paul’s letters), and Revelation. These texts form the authoritative scripture for doctrine and worship across Christian denominations.
6. Early Church (Acts of the Apostles)
The Book of Acts chronicles the early Christian community’s growth after Jesus’ ascension. It describes the apostles’ preaching, the Holy Spirit’s descent at Pentecost (Acts 2), and the spread of Christianity despite persecution. Figures like Peter and Paul shaped the church’s mission to Jews and Gentiles alike.
7. Proverbs
The Book of Proverbs, in the Old Testament, offers wisdom for righteous living. Attributed largely to King Solomon, it provides practical guidance on morality, discipline, and relationships (e.g., Proverbs 3:5-6, “Trust in the Lord with all your heart”). It is widely used in Christian education for ethical instruction.
8. Psalms
The Book of Psalms, a collection of 150 poetic prayers and hymns, is central to Christian worship. Attributed to David and others, Psalms express praise, lament, and trust in God (e.g., Psalm 23, “The Lord is my shepherd”). They are used in liturgy, personal devotion, and hymnody across traditions.
9. Revelation
The Book of Revelation, the New Testament’s final book, is an apocalyptic text attributed to John. It describes visions of the end times, Christ’s return, and God’s ultimate victory (e.g., Revelation 21:1-4, the new heaven and earth). It inspires hope and debate about eschatology in Christian theology.
10. Christian Ethics (Sermon on the Mount)
The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7) encapsulates Jesus’ ethical teachings, including the Beatitudes (“Blessed are the meek,” Matthew 5:5), the Lord’s Prayer, and the Golden Rule (Matthew 7:12). It forms the basis for Christian moral life, emphasizing love, humility, and forgiveness.
