Software developers start out with a bachelor’s degree in computer science or software engineering, although a degree in math is also acceptable. Computer science degree programs tend to cover a broad range of topics, including computer programming, data structures, artificial intelligence (AI), Ruby on Rails, computer graphics, visual object-oriented programming, and algorithm design. Moreover, most programmers specialize in multiple programming languages, such as php, ASP, C++, Python, JAVA, and SWIFT.
Modern programming is becoming less about knowing how to program, and more about sourcing code snippets, and accessing software libraries. Google recently opened their Google Apps and APIs to developers, and the US government has literally thousands of free datasets to download which can be used commercially without a license.
GitHub is well-known in the open-source community as a code repository for open-source projects. GitHub works by storing a copy of your app project in a central repository where other developers can access it, make edits and share it with other collaborators. As such, developers can simplify the process of advancing open-source projects and monitoring revisions efficiently.
Web design focuses on creating visually appealing, user-friendly, and responsive websites. It involves a combination of graphic design, interface design, and user experience design. Web designers use technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to build and style web pages, ensuring they work well across different devices and browsers. They must understand web accessibility standards and best practices for SEO (Search Engine Optimization) to make sites accessible and discoverable. Modern web design also often involves using frameworks and libraries such as React or Angular to enhance functionality and interactivity.
Mobile app development involves creating software applications that run on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. This field requires knowledge of mobile UI/UX design principles, as well as proficiency in programming languages like Swift for iOS and Kotlin for Android. Developers need to understand the specific requirements and constraints of mobile platforms, including performance optimization, battery usage, and responsive design. They also need to be familiar with development tools and frameworks like Xcode for iOS and Android Studio for Android. Additionally, knowledge of APIs and backend services is essential for integrating apps with external systems and data sources.
| Certificate | Skills Required | Exam to be Taken |
| PHP Programming | Syntax, server-side scripting, web development, databases | Zend Certified PHP Engineer |
| C++ Programming | Object-oriented programming, C++ syntax, STL, memory management | C++ Certified Associate Programmer (CPA) by C++ Institute |
| Java Programming | Object-oriented programming, Java syntax, Java APIs | Oracle Certified Professional, Java SE Programmer |
| Python Programming | Python syntax, data structures, libraries, and frameworks | Python Institute's PCEP (Certified Entry-Level Python Programmer) |
| Website Development | HTML, CSS, JavaScript, front-end frameworks, back-end | Certified Web Developer (CIW) |
| Mobile App Development | Mobile UI/UX design, Swift, Kotlin, responsive mobile development | Google Associate Android Developer Certification |
| Database Programming | SQL, database design, data modeling, database management systems | Microsoft Certified: Azure Data Fundamentals |
| Game Design | Game mechanics, game design principles, game development tools | Certified Game Developer (CGD) by the International Game Developers Association (IGDA) |
| Artificial Intelligence (AI) | Machine learning, neural networks, AI algorithms, data analysis | AI Engineer (AI-100) by Microsoft |
Game design is the process of creating the content and rules of a game, focusing on gameplay, environment, story, and characters. It requires a blend of creativity and technical skills, including proficiency in game development tools like Unity or Unreal Engine. Game designers need to understand game mechanics, level design, and user interaction to create engaging and enjoyable experiences. They also need skills in scripting languages such as C# or Python to implement game logic and functionality. Additionally, designers often work with artists, sound engineers, and other professionals to bring their vision to life.
The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities, such as reflection and runtime code modification, that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. Java is one of the most popular programming languages, according to GitHub, particularly for client–server web applications.
Java is one of the most commonly used programming languages, with 95% of enterprises relying on it as their primary coding tool. There are 45 billion active Java virtual machines, out of which 25 billion were active cloud machines. Oracle makes up some 75% of the Java market share.
Java is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere(WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. The Java language may be used to develop enterprise-level applications and accelerate the design of video games or iOS/Android mobile apps. By way of comparison, some large websites that make use of the Python language include Pinterest and Instagram.
The USA has the largest PHP market share in terms of websites, with 635,000 sites. WordPress also uses PHP to power 34% of all websites worldwide. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared toward web development. PHP code is usually processed on a web server by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module, a daemon or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. On a web server, the result of the interpreted and executed PHP code – which may be any type of data, such as generated HTML or binary image data – would form the whole or part of an HTTP response.
Various web template systems, web content management systems, and web frameworks exist which can be employed to orchestrate or facilitate the generation of the HTTP response. Additionally, PHP can be used for programming tasks such as standalone graphical applications and robotic drone control. PHP code can also be directly executed from the command line.
The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on a variety of operating systems and platforms. The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until 2014, with the original implementation acting as the de facto standard, until a formal PHP specification is evolved.
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It sports a comprehensive standard library.
Python is one of the most popular programming languages on GitHub. Approximately 40% of Python users are between 21 and 29 years old, according to the programming language usage statistics. Around 50% of Python developers are fully employed by an organization. Python developers prefer Django as a development framework to work with. Around 75% of Python developers use SQL databases.
In the world of technology, everything is imbued with machine learning, data science, and web development to create software to automate most operations. As a result, the most popular programming languages like JavaScript, Python, and many more stand at the forefront of tech advancement. Over the years, the programming language market share has been fluctuating, shaping the demand for skilled professionals.
C is an imperative procedural language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. It was designed to be compiled to provide low-level access to memory and language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, all with minimal runtime support. Despite its low-level capabilities, the language was designed to encourage cross-platform programming. Linux, powering over 97% of the world’s 500 supercomputers, is written mostly in C. Roughly 34% of C++ developers use Visual Studio.
The C# language combines the robustness of C++ with the advanced features of JAVA programming. The C# language is most easily compiled within Visual Studio IDE, a rapid-development platform. If you are writing a web-based application in ASP.NET, you will be required to code in C# or Visual Basic for the backend. C++ now has object-oriented, generic, and functional features in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers. C# is one of the best Android programming languages.
C++ was designed with an orientation toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained software and large systems, with performance, efficiency, and flexibility of use as its design highlights. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, with key strengths being software infrastructure and resource-constrained applications, including desktop applications, video games, servers, and performance-critical applications.
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is commonly used when writing code with C++. In this crash course, you will learn what OOP is and how to implement it using C++.
Learn the PHP programming language in this full course / tutorial. The course is designed for new programmers, and will introduce common programming topics using the PHP language.
Learn Data Analysis with Python in this comprehensive tutorial for beginners, with exercises included.
Learn the R programming language in this tutorial course. This is a hands-on overview of the statistical programming language R, one of the most important tools in data science.
25% of ecommerce companies globally planned to invest in one of the JavaScript frameworks. Github programming language statistics show that in 2022, JavaScript was the number one coding language, with a 20% share. Node.js is the most-liked framework of JS, preferred by 72% of surveyed developers. JavaScript is the client-side language for 87.6% of all websites.
JavaScript, often abbreviated 'JS,' is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, often incorporating third-party libraries. All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices.
JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the ECMAScript standard. It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the Document Object Model (DOM).
The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities. In practice, the web browser or other runtime system provides JavaScript APIs for I/O. JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but are now core components of some servers and a variety of applications. The most popular runtime system for this usage is Node.js
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Code Jam is Google's longest running global coding competition, where programmers of all levels put their skills to the test. Competitors work their way through a series of online algorithmic puzzles to earn a spot at the World Finals. Hash Code is a team programming competition, organized by Google, for students and professionals around the world. You pick your team and programming language, and Google will pick an engineering problem for you to solve.
Kick Start is a global online coding competition, consisting of three-hour rounds of a variety of algorithmic challenges designed by Google engineers. Participants can compete in one or all online rounds held throughout the year, and will have the opportunity to develop and grow their programming abilities while getting a glimpse into the technical skills needed for a career at Google, as top participants may be invited to interview at Google.
The Android Developer Challenge - The entries represent a diverse range of application areas, including games, social-networking applications, utilities and productivity and developer tools. A panel of over 100 judges receives the judging packets and laptops that were preloaded with all the submissions. After three weeks of rigorous analysis, the judges release a list of 50 first round winners, who are then eligible to participate in the final round.
Attending college offers benefits beyond academic learning. Students are exposed to diverse perspectives that challenge their thinking. This fosters problem-solving and communication. College is also about social skills. Whether through student organizations or sports teams, students develop leadership skills and build lasting friendships.
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