Cosmetology Progams

Barbers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists provide hair and other services to enhance clients’ appearance. Common tools may include combs and hairbrushes, clippers and scissors, straight razors, blow dryers, and curling and flat irons. They also may keep records of products used and services provided to clients, such as hair color, hair treatment, and clipper setting.

Depending on the state in which they work, some barbers are licensed to bleach, color, and highlight hair and to offer permanent-wave services. Hairstylists and cosmetologists offer a wide range of hair services, such as shampooing, cutting, coloring, and styling. They often provide consultation and advise clients on how to care for their hair at home. Some also clean and style wigs and hairpieces.

Skincare specialists give facials, full-body treatments, and head and neck massages to improve the health and appearance of the skin. Some provide other skincare treatments to remove dead or dry skin, such as masks, peels, and scrubs. They also may provide eyelash services, makeup application, and hair removal. In addition, these specialists create daily skincare routines for clients based on skin analysis and help them understand which products will work best for them.

Manicurists and pedicurists, sometimes called nail technicians, work exclusively on the hands and feet to groom fingernails and toenails. A typical service involves soaking the clients’ hands or feet to soften the skin in order to remove dead skin cells and artificial nails. Manicurists and pedicurists apply lotion to the hands and feet to moisturize the skin. They also may shape and apply polish to natural fingernails or toenails or apply and decorate artificial fingernails.

Education & Licensing

Barbers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists usually must complete a state-approved barber or cosmetology program. Admission to these programs varies by state, with some requiring a high school diploma or equivalent. Programs typically involve a mix of classroom studies and hands-on training and lead to a certificate or other postsecondary nondegree award. Some states require health and safety training as part of these programs

Certification	Skills Required
Hair Stylist	Hair Cutting and Styling: Techniques for various haircuts and styling methods. Hair Coloring: Applying hair color, highlights, and lowlights. Hair Extensions: Techniques for applying and maintaining hair extensions. Chemical Treatments: Perming, relaxing, and other chemical treatments for hair.
Skincare Specialist	Facial Treatments: Performing deep cleansing, exfoliation, and specialized facial treatments. Anti-Aging Skincare: Techniques for reducing signs of aging through skincare. Acne Treatment: Methods for treating acne and acne-prone skin. Facial Massage Techniques: Enhancing relaxation and circulation through facial massage.
Nail Technician	Manicure and Pedicure Techniques: Nail grooming, shaping, and painting. Nail Extensions and Art: Applying and designing nail extensions and nail art. Nail Health and Safety: Ensuring hygiene and safe practices in nail care. Gel and Acrylic Nail Application: Techniques for applying and maintaining artificial nails.
Makeup Artist	Makeup Application Techniques: Bridal, evening, and special effects makeup application. Color Theory: Understanding color theory and its application in makeup. Contouring and Highlighting: Enhancing facial features through shading and highlighting. Airbrush Makeup Techniques: Applying makeup using airbrush equipment.
Massage Therapist	Massage Techniques: Swedish, deep tissue, hot stone, and other massage modalities. Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding the human body's musculoskeletal system. Client Consultation and Communication: Assessing client needs and communicating effectively. Spa Treatments: Offering additional spa treatments such as aromatherapy and reflexology.

Workers may continue to take advanced courses in hairstyling or in other personal appearance services throughout their careers to keep up with the latest trends. Those who want to open their own business also may benefit from taking courses in sales and marketing.

Barbers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists must obtain a license in order to work. Qualifications for a license vary by state. Generally, a person must meet state-specified minimum age requirements, have a high school diploma or equivalent, and have graduated from a state-licensed barber or cosmetology school. After completing a state-approved training program, graduates take a state licensing exam that includes a written test and, in some cases, a practical test of styling skills or an oral exam. A fee usually is required to apply for a license, and continuing education units (CEUs) may be required with periodic license renewals.

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Cosmetology Curriculum

The Cosmetology Program offers a comprehensive curriculum that covers a range of topics including hair coloring, styling, cutting, makeup, and salon management. In addition, the program emphasizes the importance of professionalism and ethical practices.

Hairstyling

Cutting and Styling Techniques: Mastering precision cuts and creative styling methods.
Hair Coloring: Application of color theory and techniques for dyeing and highlighting.
Chemical Treatments: Understanding perms, relaxers, and treatments for hair texture management.
Extensions and Hairpieces: Integrating and maintaining extensions and hairpieces.
Scalp Treatments: Techniques for scalp massage, treatments, and health maintenance.

Makeup Artistry

Color Theory: Understanding color palettes and harmonies for makeup application.
Day and Evening Makeup: Techniques for natural daytime looks and dramatic evening styles.
Bridal and Special Occasion Makeup: Creating flawless looks for weddings and events.
Airbrush Makeup: Utilizing airbrush techniques for seamless and long-lasting makeup application.
Makeup Trends: Staying updated with current makeup trends and techniques.

Nail Care

Manicure and Pedicure Techniques: Nail shaping, cuticle care, and polish application.
Nail Art: Creative designs and techniques for artistic nail enhancements.
Nail Extensions: Applying and maintaining acrylic, gel, and other nail extensions.
Nail Health: Preventative care and treatments for common nail disorders.
Trends in Nail Care: Keeping up with emerging trends in nail art and techniques.

Facial Treatments

Anti-Aging Facials: Techniques and products to reduce signs of aging and improve skin elasticity.
Acne Treatment Facials: Methods for treating acne-prone skin and reducing blemishes.
Hydrating and Rejuvenating Facials: Moisturizing and revitalizing treatments for dry or dull skin.
Sensitive Skin Facials: Gentle approaches to soothe and protect sensitive skin types.
Facial Massage Techniques: Enhancing circulation and promoting relaxation through facial massage.

Natural Cosmetics

Organic Skincare Products: Benefits and application of natural ingredients in skincare.
Eco-Friendly Makeup: Using sustainable and cruelty-free products for ethical beauty practices.
DIY Cosmetics: Creating homemade skincare and makeup products using natural ingredients.
Green Beauty Trends: Staying informed about eco-conscious trends in the cosmetics industry.
Safe Use of Natural Cosmetics: Understanding the safety and regulatory aspects of natural beauty products.

Modeling

Models must put together and maintain an up-to-date portfolio and composite cards. A portfolio is a collection of a model’s previous work, while a composite card contains the best photographs from a model’s portfolio, along with his or her body measurements. Both portfolios and composite cards are typically taken to all casting calls and client auditions.

Because advertisers often need to target specific segments of the population, models may specialize in a certain area. For example, petite and plus-size fashions are modeled by women whose sizes are respectively smaller and larger than that worn by the typical model. Models who are disabled may be used to model fashions or products for consumers with disabilities. 'Parts' models have a body part, such as a hand or foot, particularly well suited to model products such as nail polish or shoes.

Display clothing and merchandise in print and online advertisements.
Promote products and services in television commercials.
Wear designers’ clothing for runway fashion shows.
Represent companies and brands at conventions, trade shows, and other events.
Work closely with photographers, hair and clothing stylists, makeup artists, and clients to produce a desired look.
Create and maintain a portfolio of their work.
Travel to meet and interview with potential clients.
Conduct research on the product being promoted—for example, the designer or type of clothing fabrics.

Models appear in different types of media to promote a product or service. Models advertise products and merchandise in magazine or newspaper advertisements, department store catalogs, or television commercials. Models often prepare for photo shoots or fashion shows by having their hair and makeup done by professionals in those industries. The hairstylists and makeup artists may touch up the model’s hair and makeup and change the model’s look throughout the event. Models participate in photo shoots and strike poses for photographers.

Modeling Agencies

Almost all models sign with modeling agencies. Agencies represent and promote a model to clients in return for a portion of the model’s earnings. Models typically apply for a position with an agency by submitting their photographs through its website or by attending open casting calls and meeting with agents directly. Models must research an agency before signing, in order to ensure that the agency has a good reputation in the modeling industry.

Most modeling agencies allow applicants to email photos directly to the agency. The agency will then contact and interview prospective models who show potential. Many agencies also have “open calls,” whereby aspiring models can walk into an agency during a specified time and meet directly with agents and clients.